November Birthstone - Topaz & Citrine

November babies are blessed with not one, but two stunning birthstones: topaz and citrine. These vibrant gems bring warmth and light to the darkening days of autumn, each with its own unique beauty and symbolism. Let's dive deep into the world of these fascinating gemstones, exploring their properties, history, and significance in both jewelry and culture.

What Are the Birthstones for November?

The birthstones for November are topaz and citrine. Topaz, particularly in its golden-orange hue, is the traditional birthstone. Citrine, with its sunny yellow color, is the modern alternative.

Topaz has been the primary November birthstone for centuries, prized for its range of colors and brilliant luster. Citrine was added as a secondary birthstone more recently, offering a more affordable option that still captures the warmth of autumn.

Both stones belong to different mineral families but share similar color palettes, making them complementary choices for November-born individuals. The dual birthstone designation allows for greater flexibility in personal style and budget when selecting birthstone jewelry.

Topaz

"Who first comes to this world below / With drear November's fog and snow, / Should prize the topaz's amber hue, / Emblem of friends and lovers true." - Traditional birthstone poem

Topaz is a versatile gemstone that occurs naturally in a wide range of colors:

• Blue (the most popular variety)
• Colorless
• Yellow
• Orange
• Pink
• Purple
• Green

While blue topaz is the most common in jewelry today, the golden-orange "Imperial Topaz" is the variety traditionally associated with November.

Physical Properties

Topaz is an aluminum silicate fluoride hydroxide mineral, known for its hardness (8 on the Mohs scale) and distinct crystal structure. Its diversity of colors is due to various impurities and defects in the crystal lattice. For instance:

• Chromium creates pink and red hues
• Iron influences yellow to brown colors
• Imperfections in the crystal structure can lead to blue coloration

Rarity and Value

The rarest and most valuable topaz colors are deep pink to red, followed by imperial topaz in rich orange hues. Many topaz gemstones on the market, especially blue ones, are heat-treated or irradiated to enhance their color.

Notable Specimens

Topaz can form large crystals, with some specimens weighing hundreds of pounds. This allows for impressive faceted gems and intricate carvings. Notable large topaz include:

• The 1,680-carat "American Golden Topaz" at the Smithsonian Institution
• The 8,225-carat "Brazilian Princess" topaz

Citrine

Citrine, a variety of quartz, is known for its warm yellow to orange-brown hues. Its name comes from the French word for "lemon," reflecting its citrus-like coloration.

Physical Properties

As a member of the quartz family, citrine has a hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, making it durable enough for everyday wear. Its chemical composition is silicon dioxide, and its color is due to traces of iron within the crystal structure.

Natural vs. Treated Citrine

Natural citrine is relatively rare. Most citrine on the market is actually heat-treated amethyst or smoky quartz. When these stones are heated, their color changes to the characteristic yellow or orange of citrine. This process is stable and does not affect the gem's durability.

Color Variations

Color variations in citrine include:

• Pale yellow
• Honey gold
• Amber
• Deep orange (sometimes called "Madeira citrine" after the color of the wine)

Popularity in Jewelry

Citrine's affordability and attractive color have made it popular in large, statement jewelry pieces. It's often used in cocktail rings, pendants, and bold earrings where its sunny hue can make a vibrant impact.

Caring for Your November Birthstones

To keep your topaz and citrine jewelry looking its best, proper care and maintenance are essential. While both stones are relatively durable, they do require some specific attention:

Topaz Care:

1. Clean with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, which can damage some treated topaz.
2. Avoid sudden temperature changes, which can cause cracking. Never steam clean topaz.
3. Store separately from harder gems to prevent scratching. While topaz is hard, it can be chipped or scratched by diamonds, sapphires, and rubies.
4. Be cautious when wearing topaz rings, as the gem can develop cleavage cracks if struck hard.
5. Protect topaz from prolonged exposure to strong sunlight, which can fade some colors, especially blue topaz.

Citrine Care:

1. Clean with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Citrine is safe for ultrasonic cleaners, but steam cleaning is not recommended.
2. Keep citrine out of prolonged direct sunlight to prevent fading. Some citrine can lighten with extended sun exposure.
3. Store separately from harder stones to avoid scratches.
4. Citrine is generally stable when exposed to heat, but sudden temperature changes should still be avoided.
5. Be mindful of citrine's relative softness compared to many other gemstones. Avoid wearing citrine jewelry during rough activities.

For both stones:

• Remove jewelry before engaging in household chores, sports, or any activity that might subject the gems to impact or harsh chemicals.
• Have your jewelry checked periodically by a professional jeweler to ensure settings are secure and there's no damage to the stones.
• When traveling, use padded jewelry cases or wrap each piece individually in soft cloth to prevent scratches and chips.

The History and Symbolism of November's Birthstones

Both topaz and citrine have rich histories and symbolic meanings that span cultures and centuries.

Topaz: Ancient Power and Protection

Topaz has been known and valued for thousands of years, with a history steeped in myth and legend:

Ancient Beliefs

• Ancient Greeks believed topaz gave strength to the wearer. They associated the gem with Zeus and thought it had the power to control heat and cold.
• In the Middle Ages, topaz was thought to break spells and calm anger. It was believed to change color in the presence of poisoned food or drink, making it a safeguard for royalty.

Cultural Significance

• Hindu tradition holds that topaz worn above the heart assures long life, beauty, and intelligence. It was thought to promote creativity and focus.
• In Renaissance Europe, topaz was associated with Apollo, the sun god, and was believed to dispel enchantments and improve eyesight.
• African shamans used topaz in their healing rituals, considering it a sacred stone with powerful curative properties.

Etymology and Misconceptions

The name "topaz" itself has an interesting etymology. It likely comes from the Sanskrit word "tapas," meaning fire. Another theory suggests it's derived from "Topazios," the ancient Greek name for St. John's Island in the Red Sea, where peridot was mined but often confused with topaz.

Throughout history, many famous topaz gems have been mistaken for diamonds due to their brilliance:

• The Braganza Diamond in the Portuguese Crown Jewels is actually a 1,680-carat colorless topaz.
• The 1,640-carat Côte de Bretagne, part of the French Crown Jewels, is a pink topaz long thought to be a ruby.

Citrine: The Merchant's Stone

While not as ancient as topaz, citrine has its own fascinating history and symbolic associations:

Historical Uses

• Known as "The Merchant's Stone" for its believed ability to attract wealth and prosperity. Shopkeepers would often keep a citrine in their cash registers or on display in their windows.
• In ancient times, citrine was carried as protection against snake venom and evil thoughts. It was believed to calm tempers and soothe anger.
• Scottish weapon-makers used citrine on sword hilts, believing it brought strength in battle and protection to the wielder.

Cultural Significance

• In China, citrine has been revered as a stone of success and abundance for thousands of years. It's often carved into ornate figurines and good luck charms.
• During the Art Deco period of the 1920s and 30s, large citrine centerpieces became fashionable in jewelry, especially when paired with diamonds for contrast.

Metaphysical Properties

Citrine has also been associated with various metaphysical properties:

• It's considered a stone of manifestation, helping to bring desires and goals into reality.
• In crystal healing practices, citrine is thought to promote optimism, self-confidence, and mental clarity.
• Some believe it can help alleviate depression and promote emotional balance.

Choosing November Birthstone Jewelry

When selecting topaz or citrine jewelry, there are several factors to consider to ensure you're getting a quality piece that suits your style and budget. Let's explore the key aspects of choosing these beautiful November birthstones:

Topaz Selection

Color

Topaz comes in a wide range of colors, each with its own appeal:

• Blue: The most common and popular variety, often created through treatment
• Imperial Topaz: Golden to reddish-orange, the most valuable and traditional November color
• Pink and Red: Rare and highly prized
• Yellow, Green, and Colorless: Less common in jewelry but each with unique charm

Consider the wearer's personal style and color preferences when choosing. For a classic November birthstone look, opt for imperial topaz.

Clarity

Topaz is typically eye-clean, meaning it should be free of visible inclusions to the naked eye. Look for stones with good transparency that allow light to pass through easily, enhancing brilliance.

Cut

Topaz can be fashioned into various shapes:

• Brilliant cuts (round, oval, pear) maximize sparkle
• Step cuts (emerald, baguette) highlight the stone's clarity and color
• Fantasy cuts can create unique, artistic pieces

The cut should be symmetrical and well-proportioned to bring out the best in the stone.

Size

Topaz is relatively affordable in larger sizes, allowing for impressive statement pieces. Consider the intended use of the jewelry when choosing size - a large stone might be perfect for a pendant but overwhelming in a ring.

Treatment

Be aware that many topaz gems, especially blue ones, are treated to enhance color:

• Heat treatment is common and stable
• Irradiation is used to create blue topaz
• Surface coating can be used but is less durable

Always ask about any treatments applied to the stone. These are standard practices but should be disclosed.

Citrine Selection

Color

Natural citrine ranges from pale yellow to deep amber:

• Lemon yellow: Light and bright
• Golden yellow: Warm and sunny
• Madeira: Deep orange-brown, most prized

Deeper colors are generally more valuable, but personal preference should guide your choice.

Clarity

Like topaz, citrine should be relatively free of visible inclusions. Look for stones with good transparency that showcase the color well.

Cut

Citrine is often cut to maximize size rather than brilliance:

• Brilliant cuts enhance sparkle
• Mixed cuts (brilliant crown with step-cut pavilion) are common
• Large, fancy shapes like cushions and emerald cuts are popular for statement pieces

Look for well-proportioned stones that show good color throughout.

Origin and Treatment

Most commercial citrine is heat-treated amethyst or smoky quartz:

• Natural citrine is rare and more expensive
• Heat treatment is stable and accepted in the industry
• Ask if the citrine is natural or heat-treated - both are fine, but it should be disclosed

Size

Citrine is quite affordable, even in larger sizes, making it great for bold designs. Consider chunky cocktail rings or substantial pendants to showcase this sunny stone.

General Considerations

Setting

The setting should complement the stone and suit the wearer's lifestyle:

• Prong settings allow more light into the stone but offer less protection
• Bezel settings are more protective but can hide part of the stone
• For rings, consider a protective setting if the wearer leads an active lifestyle

Metal Choice

The metal can enhance the stone's color:

• Yellow gold complements warm-toned topaz and citrine
• White metals (white gold, platinum) create contrast and work well with blue topaz
• Rose gold offers a modern, romantic look

Quality of Craftsmanship

Examine the overall quality of the piece:

• Prongs should be secure and evenly placed
• The metal should be smooth and well-finished
• The stone should be set evenly and securely

Certification

For high-value pieces, especially with imperial topaz:

• Ask for certification from a reputable gemological laboratory
• This ensures you're getting what you pay for in terms of gem quality and characteristics

Ethical Sourcing

Consider the origin of the stones:

• Look for jewelers who can provide information on their sourcing practices
• Some offer ethically sourced or fair-trade gemstones

Budget

Both topaz and citrine offer options at various price points:

• Citrine and blue topaz are generally more affordable
• Imperial topaz and rare colors of topaz command higher prices
• Consider the overall quality and craftsmanship, not just stone size

Personal Style

Ultimately, the best choice is one that resonates with the wearer's personal style:

• Classic solitaires for timeless elegance
• Multi-stone designs for a more elaborate look
• Modern, minimalist settings for contemporary tastes

By considering these factors, you can select a piece of November birthstone jewelry that is not only beautiful and valuable but also meaningful and suited to the wearer's taste and lifestyle.

The Bottom Line

Whether you choose the fiery warmth of topaz or the sunny glow of citrine, November's birthstones offer a beautiful blend of history, symbolism, and versatility in jewelry. By understanding their unique properties and considering ethical sourcing, you can select a stunning piece that celebrates the autumn-born with timeless elegance.